Nobelium - No General Information Discovery The discovery of element 102 was disputed, but it was conclusively identified in 1958 by A. Ghiorso and co-workers in California, USA. Appearance Nobelium is a radioactive metal. Only a few atoms have ever been made, so its appearance and properties are unknown. Source Nobelium is made by the bombardment of curium with carbon nuclei. Uses Nobelium has no uses outside research. Biological Role Nobelium has no known biological role. It is toxic due to its radioactivity.

	Physical Information
	Atomic Number		102
	Relative Atomic Mass (12C=12.000)		259 (radioactive)
	Melting Point/K		not available
	Boiling Point/K		not available
	Density/kg m-3		not available
	Ground State Electron Configuration		[Rn]5f147s2
	Electron Affinity(M-M-)/kJ mol-1		not available

	Key Isotopes
	nuclide	259No
	atomic mass
	natural abundance	0%
	half-life	58 mins

Other Information
Enthalpy of Fusion/kJ mol-1		n/a
Enthalpy of Vaporisation/kJ mol-1		n/a
Oxidation States
main	No+2
others	No+3

	Ionisation Energies/kJ mol-1
	M - M+	642
	M+ - M2+
	M2+ - M3+
	M3+ - M4+
	M4+ - M5+
	M5+ - M6+
	M6+ - M7+
	M7+ - M8+
	M8+ - M9+
	M9+ - M10+